RESUMO
The majority of mucosal HIV-1 infection is initially established by a few HIV-1 viral variants, followed by the development of overt systemic infection, and these viral variants are known as transmitted/founder viruses (T/F viruses). Investigation of the sensitivity of T/F virus to different anti-HIV-1 drugs will provide the best strategies of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for high-risk groups of HIV-infected patients. Herein we constructed for the first time, a luciferase reporter system for HIV-1 T/F viruses, and then compared the drug sensitivity between T/F viruses and chronic infection virus. The result showed that the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), integrase inhibitors (INIs) and protease inhibitors (PIs) were not significantly different between the T/F viruses and chronic infection viruses of the same subtype (P>0.05), while non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) showed a moderate resistance to T/F viruses, with a significant increase in IC50 (P<0.05). The conclusion suggests that when patients are in high-risk or in the acute infection of HIV-1, NNRTIs should be avoided in the first-line antiretroviral therapy regimens.
RESUMO
Androgen receptor (AR) plays an important role in the maintenance of prostate function and development of prostate cancer. AR is the key target in the therapy of prostate cancer. In this study, a cell-based screening assay was established by dual-luciferase reporter system to analyze the activity of AR. In the screening assay, we detected the anti-prostate cancer activities of rhodiola root extract, wild kiwifruit root extract and tripterygium wilfordii root extract, which may provide a new strategy for the treatment of prostate cancer.
RESUMO
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To find an approach for trans-oral endoscopic thyroidectomy (TOET) and cervical lymphadenectomy using conventional endoscopic surgical instruments on frozen fresh cadavers.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Six frozen fresh cadavers were used in three groups of trans-oral trocar installation experiments: oral vestibule installation, sublingual region installation, and combined bi-vestibular and sublingual installation. TOET (with pretrachealis method to thyroid fixation removal) and cervical lymphadenectomy were performed experiments on another 6 frozen fresh cadavers using the best access approach found in the aforementioned experiments.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In oral vestibule trocar installations, the trocars caused large lacerated wound and damaged air tightness. In sublingual installations, only one trocar could be installed in the sublingual area because the space in sublingual area was limited. In combined bi-vestibular and sublingual installations, no gland, vessel or nerve was damaged. Combined bi-vestibular and sublingual access were selected as the surgical approach on the basic of analysis the merits of each approach. TOET and cervical lymphadenectomy in area III, IV, VI, VII were performed without making any accessory damage through combined bi-vestibular and sublingual access approach.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>TOET is feasible. Combined bi-vestibular and sublingual approach is available for TOET. Part of the cervical lymph nodes could be resected. Pretrachealis approach to thyroid fixation removal can still be used.</p>